Things to Know About Diabetes Surgery
There are many operations gathered under general heading as diabetes surgery. Patients who cannot control the diabetes problem can get rid of or control this problem with obesity surgeries and metabolic surgeries. In order not to cause confusion in the society of technical terms, the sum of the applications is called diabetes surgery. The most common surgeries among diabetes surgeries are sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgeries. In addition, transit bipartition and ileal interposition surgeries are also included in the scope of diabetes surgeries. When choosing diabetes surgery, the person’s diabetes type and weight are taken into account.
History of Obesity Surgeries
Obesity surgery with a history of more than 30 years has proven its success in the light of the literature data. While obesity surgeries have been used frequently for weight loss from past to present, they have developed with new approaches. The first sleeve gastrectomy was performed in the United States in 1988. While it is among the most frequently performed surgeries in Türkiye, it also has a very important position in the world.
Sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgery are the most preferred obesity surgeries. Transit bipartition surgery performed in recent years is among the new applications used as obesity surgery. Transit bipartition is not an approved practice in the United States, as it is relatively new and there is not enough data.
Ileal interposition surgery, which is among the new applications, is applied for type 2 diabetics who do not have excessive weight problems. It should be carried out by teams with high technical capacity. It is among the surgeries of high difficulty in terms of difficulty. The clinical data obtained provide very positive information about the success rate of the surgery. However, it is not yet an approved surgery in the United States. Unapproved surgeries are prohibited in the USA.
Standard Practices in Diabetes Surgery
Standardization is extremely important in order for many surgeries around the world to be equally successful and for patients to get the maximum benefit. Sleeve gastrectomy, gastric bypass, duodenal switch, biliopancreatic diversion and many other surgeries have gone through the standardization procedures of institutions. Standardized surgeries become feasible after approval.
Transit bipartition and ileal interposition surgeries, which are not currently approved, are also waiting for long-term results to be approved. Successful applications are first standardized after the institutions examine the long-term results. After the approval, the surgeries are started to perform.
The success of sleeve gastrectomy on diabetes has been proven and has been performed for many years without any problems. It should always be a priority for patients to prefer approved and proven techniques. Trial of unapproved surgeries involves a high risk.
How Many Types of Diabetes Surgery Are There?
There are 10 different methods of diabetes surgery in total. In these surgeries, the intervention is always done on the stomach and small intestine. Depending on the patient’s needs and fitness, the right surgery is selected and applied. While there are many different methods such as ileal interposition, duodenal switch, SADI-S, gastric bypass, transit bipartition, it is extremely important to choose the method that best meets the patient’s needs.
Why is the Small Intestine of Type 2 Diabetes Patients Intervened?
It is possible to regulate hormones together with metabolic surgery. While there are hormones that increase insulin sensitivity in the intestines, there are also hormones that increase insulin resistance. Hormones that increase resistance are located at the beginning of the intestines. Hormones that increase sensitivity are located at the end of the intestine. Packaged foods, processed foods and simple foods are digested before they reach the last part of the intestines. As a result, it is not possible to secrete beneficial hormones that increase insulin sensitivity. To solve this problem, it is necessary to change the place on the intestine. The last part of the intestine should be moved to the beginning. Following the process, nutrients stimulate the secretion of hormones that increase insulin sensitivity. Thanks to this change, insulin, that is produced in the body but not used, will be used.
For Whom Is Diabetes Surgery Appropriate?
Only Type 2 diabetes patients are eligible to get a successful result from diabetes surgery. The biggest problem in type 1 diabetes patients is that they do not have enough insulin reserves in their pancreas. In this respect, Type 1 diabetics have to keep their diabetes under control with insulin.
Diabetic patients should apply for obesity surgery if they have excess weight. For this, the most frequently preferred surgeries are sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass surgery. Type 2 diabetics may prefer transit bipartition and ileal interposition surgeries when they are not overweight.
Detailed examination should be performed to determine the correct surgery and the suitability of the person for surgery. However, in the light of the right data, the right surgical option is determined. The person will also have a diet and exercise list that needs attention after the surgery. Diabetes surgeries alone do not bring success. The patient also has responsibilities. The pre-operative process, the operation and the post-operative period should be evaluated as a whole. In order to achieve a successful result and the targeted values, the process should be followed very well and it should be paid attention to the issues that need consideration.
